Brown multirow (lat. Polystichum Braunii) a hardy vertically growing fern with lace leaves. It was designated as Aspidium Braunii in 1825 and got its current name in 1852, the second part of which is dedicated to Alexander Brown, the German Botanik, who is mainly known for his studies in the field of plant morphology.
Description
Fern are usually found in streams and lakes. In the spring, the crowns bloom, demonstrating the lanceolate leaves of various shades of green color. Most fern grow in a wet, rich in humus, freely drainable soil in full or partial shadow. Some of them tolerate the full sun during the part of the day. Some species are droughtresistant and grow in the walls and crevices of the rocks.
The period of seedlings falls on September. Brown fern is best grows in fertile and acidic soil in partial shading and partial shade. It also takes out the full sun, so it is suitable for planting in flower beds and under the trees.
Appearance
Plant height up to 1 m. Without a aboveground stem, it has an underground rhizome covered with brown scales. Leaves are collected in a socket. They are two-shell, about 80 cm in length and 20 cm in width, dark green color. Flow in late autumn. Leaf plate lanceolate, below lighter, tapering at the base and at the top. Second-shaped second-order segments have a wedge-shaped base, gear-legged edges and soft-bone. Young leaves are covered on both sides with pale scales, which later fall off. The petiole is at least three times shorter than the blades, a length of one and a half centimeters, covered with dense brown scales, which in mature leaves become straw color.
Where it grows
This fern is a natural species, considered an ancient tetraploid, a protoplast of various hybrids on several continents. It is found both in Asia and in North America and Europe, but in exactly the same shady, cool and wet areas. Therefore, it is easier to find in Alaska, Yuon or Siberia than in the warmest parts of the continents.
Its few habitats are in shady deciduous forests, mainly beech and plane, on rocky slopes in the mountains. He needs a cool, shady place, quite wet, humusable soil. In the case of problems with cultivation, it is recommended to use leaf humus from beech trees. Evergreen look, frostresistant up to35 degrees C.
Red Book
In Eurasia, a multi-row Brown is widespread in the strip of coniferous-cheap forests. However, over the past 20 years, the population of the species Polystichum Braunii has declined markedly, in connection with which it was decided to include this species in the Red Book in 25 regions of Eurasia. At the moment, the plant has a third category and the status of a rare species.
Reproduction
Propagation division is carried out in late spring. With the help of a forile, dig a plant, trying to save the root lump as complete as possible. Divide the root lump in the center with a sharp knife or shovel, or by placing two garden pitchfork to the back to the back in the middle of the root lump, and press on the handles of the forks to push the root lump. Transplant new lumps to the same depth as the original and well pour well. Water until the plant is rooted.
It is recommended to plant young plants in early spring. Plant fern in the spring and water them well in the first growing season, soaking the soil to a depth of 10 cm. Drink a lot of leaf mold or welldecomposed manure to the soil to add humus, and apply mulch from the same material around ground fern in the spring.
Reproduction by disputes is carried out from late autumn and before the start of winter. All ferns can be propagated by disputes, but there are alternative methods that are simpler, give more reliable and quick results, for example, division. For propagation by spores, separate part of the sporebearing sheet when the capsules become brown, and put it in a paper envelope for drying. Disputes are ready for sowing when they begin to stand out in the form of yellow-brown dust. In the spring, sterilize the container and a mixture of coils and sand in equal parts with boiling water, smooth the surface and cover until it is cool. Collect a small amount of the spore knife with a knife and drive them with a thin layer on the mixture. Cover the container with sticky film and cover the batch with the newspaper to germination. It can take several months. Maintain humidity by regularly placing the container in the water. As soon as small plants appear, carefully pierce them and move them to pots with the same mixture. When the plants become large enough to work with them, harden them and plant them in separate pots.
