Building mushroom photos and description, types of false and edible boletus, benefits and harm, how it looks and how much grows

Supplees are very beautiful. These fragrant, tasty and satisfying mushrooms are collected in a basket next to plantations of birches, grab and poplars. The mushroom pickers grow in moist lowlands and on the edges. People from afar notice the burly hats of mushrooms that peek out from under fallen leaves and grass.

The selective man forms a mycorrhasis association with birches, which is the name of the mushroom. It is found in Europe, Himalayas, Asia and other regions of the Northern Hemisphere. Some subspecies chose pine or beech forests, the outskirts of water-bolot lands.

Seal European view. But it is listed with decorative birches planted outside their natural range, for example, in California, New Zealand and Australia.

Description

First the hat is semisphere, its diameter is 5-15 cm. After a while it flatters. The cover of the hat is gray-light-brown or gray-red-brown, later loses shades, becomes brown, smooth, without pile, dry and rather mucous in wet conditions.

Young specimens have white pores, later they turn gray. In older chickens, the pores on the villi are protruding, around the legs are strongly pressed. Pore ​​coating easily removes from the mushroom hat.

The leg is thin and narrows up, 5-15 cm in length and width 1–3.5 cm, covered with scales. They are white, dark up to black. The main mycelium is white. The pulp is whitish, later gray-white, with breakage retains color.

In young individuals, the flesh of the body of the mushroom is relatively dense, but very soon it becomes spongy, loose and holds water, especially in humid conditions. Blags after cooking.

How cooks are preparing a chice

Builder is sucked or marinated in vinegar. They are also used in mixed mushroom dishes, fried or steamed. Typically, the mushroom pickers are collected in Finland and Eurasia. In North America (New England and Rocky Mountains) are used with caution.

Types of edible chicers

Swamp bog

Hat

Fruit bodies adorn the convex hats on the diamond up to 10 cm with a narrow strip of “fabric” surrounding the edge. Often purely white, especially in young fruit bodies, hats sometimes acquire brownish, gray, pink shade, darken and turn green with age.

The surface is originally covered with thin hairs, but later it becomes smooth, with a sticky texture with age or in humid conditions. The pulp is white and has no distinct smell or taste.

There is a slight color reaction during breakdown. On the bottom there is a porous surface containing pores in an amount of 2 to 3 per mm. Pore ​​tubes up to 2.5 cm deep. The color of the pores from whitish to grayish, dirty brown.

Leg

The whitish surface of the leg is strewn with small, gesture protruding scales that darken during aging. The length of the legs is 8-14 cm, the width is 1-2 cm. The base of the leg is often stained in bluish color.

Edibility

The mushroom is considered edible, although opinions about culinary attractiveness are different. Collect before the pulp becomes spongy, and arthropods will lay larvae. The mushroom is soft, somewhat sweet to taste, it intensifies after short cooking. Dehydration improves taste sensations, but reduces sweetness.

Ordinary subsalesman

Stem

Whitish or bright red leg with a height of 7-20 cm, on the diameter 2-3 cm. Dark brown scales cover the entire surface, but noticeably rude below. Immature specimens rest on barrelshaped legs. Mature copies of the stems of a more correct diameter, slightly narrow to the top.

Hat

The hats demonstrate different shades of brown, at times with red or gray raid (there are white hats), a diane of 5 to 15 cm with full opening, often deformed, the edges are wavy. The surface is initially finegrained (to the touch like velvet), but when aging is smoothed out.

Stem pulp

The body is white or slightly pink when they cut or break, but does not blue useful for identification. The mushroom is pleasant to the smell and taste, but they are not very pronounced.

The boletus is harsh

Leg

Dimensions 8-20 × 2-4 cm, solid, thin, subcilindic, strong, increases in the center and decreases at the base and at the top. The color is dirty white, bluish-green near the ground. Initially, light gray scales are decorated, but they soon change color to brown or gray-black. Longitudinal squamulas on the top of the stem form a dark and raised rib.

Hat

Gray-beige, gray-brown, rarely pale, often prevails shade of ocher, 6-18 cm across. Polusfer hat at the beginning, then it is convex-spacious, flat at the thermal stage of life. Smooth, velvety cuticle cracks in dry conditions.

Compact, hard pulp in young specimens, soft in mature individuals, fibrous in the stem. Whitish in the context quickly becomes pale pink, then black-gray. At the base of the legs, bluish-green spots appear in the section. The smell is insignificant, with a slight sweet taste.

Enough and toxicity

It is considered good after cooking, with the exception of the leg that is thrown out due to fibrousness and leatability.

The boletus is multicolored

It has a characteristic spotty hat 5-15 cm in diameter with full opening. Appears in mossy forests under birch or on wet wastelands, the color varies from almost white to medium brown and even black.

The hat is decorated with variegated/stroke radial drawings from lighter spots/stripes. The texture is rough or shallowmash in young mushrooms. With aging, it is smoothed out. The whitish pulp will pink under the cuticle when it is broken or cut. Near the base of the stem, the cut pulp turns green and blue.

Stem

White or bright scarlet, height 7-15 cm, 2-3 cm across, taps to the top. Immature specimens with barrelshaped stems; in the maturity of a more correct diameter, but slightly narrow to the top. Scales on the leg are black or dark brown. The taste of a multicolored chice is naturally mushroom, without a pronounced aroma.

Pinking a boletter

Hat

Diameter in diameter 3-20 cm, dry and smooth or slightly rough, fleshy and strong. In young specimens in the form of a floor of a ball. With age, it takes the appearance of a pillow, the edges are dumb, a little wavy. In moist conditions, the hat to the touch is a little mucous membrane.

Stem

The form is cylindrical. The pulp is dense, the color is white. In height leg 15-20 cm, diameter 1-4 cm, slightly thickens at the ground. Outwardly fibrous, grayish or brownish with a characteristic pattern of black or brown scales.

Pulp

After the rain it turns around, falls apart. Yellowish, whitish or grayish in color, quickly absorbs moisture. With mechanical exposure, the color is preserved.

Gray boletus

Hat

Uneven, wrinkles, up to 14 cm across, a shade from olive-brown to brownish-gray. Not mature copies, the shape of the hemisphere, in ripe mushrooms resembles a pillow. The pulp is soft, loses tenderness with age. The cut is pinkish, then gray and black. A pleasant smell and taste remains.

Stem

Cylindrical shape, on the surface of scales, 5-13 cm in height, up to 4 cm across, grayish, a little brown below below.

Black boletus

Hat

On the diameter 5-15 cm, the edges are stupid. The surface is smooth, naked, not wet, dark brown or black, in young copies of hemisphere, after convex, then a bulk-flat.

Leg

Barrelshaped, 5–20 cm in length, 2 3 cm across. At the base, slightly thickens, the color is gray or grayish, covered with small scales of black. The pulp tastes are pleasant and fragrant, fleshy. Loses tenderness with age.

False chosen ones

Death cap

Hunters for mushroom harvest without experience collect a poisonous bark under aspen, birch, bees (like a chice), confused with a swamp subspecies. But this poisonous mushroom has no antidote.

The hat at a young guess up to 10 cm across, spherical, flattened with age, glistens. The surface is light, sometimes greenish or olive. A specific cuff is located under the hat. A slender stem without scales, in the lower part is expanded and located in a kind of capsule.

The pulp exudes a pleasant mushroom aroma, fragile, white, sweet. Differs with hymenophore on the bottom of the hat. Below are clearly visible whitish wide plates. This is not like a pipe mushroom chice.

Gall mushroom

People do not eat it, the bile mushroom is bitter and caustic to taste. Conditionally poisonous, outwardly resembles a pink.

Hat

The shape of the brilliant hemisphere, in the diamond does not exceed 15 cm. The surface of a brownish or light chestnut.

Stem

A dark mesh pattern is located near the hat on the leg, in the middle it is thickened.

When they break, the bitter whitish body will pink than a false mushroom imitates a pinkmoving substorage. Regardless of exposure, the tubes of the false fungus do not lose their bright pink tint. The dissimilarity is that the edible type has a layer of cream tubes and will be pink on a fracture.

Symptoms of departure

When people eat a pale pitch, they do not feel anything until the poison penetrates deep into brain tissue and organs. A person tears about 12 hours after 12 hours, he is tormented by diarrhea, the body is dehydrated. Then a brief remission occurs for 2-3 days. On 3-5 days, the liver refuses, kidneys. If you eat a lot of gigantics, the course of intoxication is more acute and accelerates.

It is almost impossible to be poisoned by a gall mushroom. His caustic taste turns even extreme experimenters. And one bile mushroom during the preparation will ruin the whole basket of the chice, the cook throws away the dish, having tried it. The clinical picture is the same as with any poisoning, but without fatal outcome.

Where and when harvesting

Mushrooms chose deciduous forests in the moderate climate zone and choose a clearing for mycelium next to the birches with which mycorrhizes are formed.

Young mushrooms are strong and tight on palpation. Choose open places on the edges, glades and along the paths for growth. Poin soils near the peat bogs does not like, he does not like the soil in lowpowered forests with a neutral or lime substrate. People collect mushrooms from May to autumn cold and the first frosts. One of the subspecies settles swamp substitching on peat bogs near the swamps.

Small families or one growing in colorful multicolored. Their variegated hats attract mushroom pickers from the end of June until the beginning of October. Cut mushrooms under birch and poplars. Mushrooms are rooted in mossy and gloomy forests, but in open areas under the sun of the sun.

A rare species a pinkmoving substorage settles on peat borders along the borders of the stamps near birch and mixed forests, where he forms mycorrhiza with birch. Mushrooms collect mushrooms wherever there are birch plantings, up to the tundra from late July to the end of September.

Gray breeze, he also gives a rich harvest on the edges and glades among:

Harvest:

The harsh sub-carrier (rarely occurs), mushroom pickers sometimes find in deciduous and deciduous-cloth plantings near white poplars and aspen. The mushroom prefers limestones, where it sets down single or small families. Harvested a rare crop from late June to midautumn.

In the damp lowlands among birches, in pine-brown mixed forests, on the outskirts of cutting down and among the wipes from mid-summer and until golden autumn, people collect blacks.

Who is contraindicated in the chice

As with any other products collected in nature, it is worthwhile to be careful with pregnant women, children and elderly. This food is heavy for the gastrointestinal tract, slowly digested and rich in proteins, contraindicated in large quantities for liver and kidney diseases.

In moderate quantities, healthy people eat chice and do not experience discomfort.