Arctic is an area of land that adjoins the North Pole. It includes the outskirts of the North American and Eurasian continents, as well as most of the Arctic, the north of the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. On the continents, the southern border runs approximately to the waist of the tundra. Sometimes the Arctic is limited to the northern polar circle. Special climatic and natural conditions have developed here, which affected the life of flora, fauna and people as a whole.
Temperature for months
The weather and climatic conditions of the Arctic are considered one of the most severe on the planet. In addition to the fact that there is a very low temperature, the weather can dramatically change by 7-10 degrees Celsius.
A polar night occurs in the Arctic area, which, depending on the geographical location, lasts from 50 to 150 days. At this time, the sun does not appear due to the horizon, so the earth’s surface does not receive heat and enough light. The heat that comes is scattered by clouds, snow cover and glaciers.
Winter here occurs in late September early October. The air temperature in January is on average –22 degrees Celsius. In some places it can be relatively acceptable, varies from –1 to9 degrees, and in the coldest places falls below40 degrees. The water in the waters is different: in the Barents Sea –25 degrees, on the Canadian coast –50 degrees, and in some places even 60 degrees.
Spring in the Arctic by local residents is expected to be impatiently, but it is shortterm. At this time, heat does not occur yet, but the earth is more illuminated by the sun. In midMay, the temperature is higher than 0 degrees Celsius. Sometimes it rains. During melting, the movement of ice begins.
Summer in the Arctic is short, lasts only a few days. The number of days when the temperature is above zero in the south of the district is about 20, and in the north 6-10 days. In July, the air temperature is 0-5 degrees, and on the mainland, the temperature can sometimes increase to +5- +10 degrees Celsius. At this time, the northern berries, flowers, mushrooms grow. And even in summer, frosts occur in some places.
At the end of August, autumn occurs, it also does not last long, because at the end of September winter comes again. At this time, the temperature ranges from 0 to10 degrees. The polar night comes again, it becomes cold and dark.
Changing of the climate
Due to active anthropogenic activity, environmental pollution, global climatic changes occur in the Arctic. Experts note that over the past 600 years, the climate of this region succumbed to sharp changes. During this period, several global warming took place. The latter was in the first half of the twentieth century. Climate changes are also affected by the speed of the planet and circulation of air masses. At the beginning of the twentieth century, climate warming in the Arctic was observed. This is characterized by an increase in the average annual temperature, a decrease in the area and melting of glaciers. By the end of this century, the water area of the Arctic Ocean can completely get rid of the ice coating.
Features of the climate of the Arctic
Features of the climate of the Arctic are in low temperatures, insufficient heat and light. In such conditions, trees do not grow, only herbs and shrubs. It is very difficult to live in the far north in the Arctic zone, so there are specific activities here. People here are engaged in research research, mining, fishing, fishing. In general, in order to survive in this region, living beings have to adapt to a harsh climate.
