All organisms living side by side have a constant effect on each other, which cannot but affect both themselves and the environment as a whole. Such an influence of all living organisms on nature in science is called biotic factors.
Types of biotic factors
Biotic factors include:
Predation is the most balancing factor in nature. Its essence is the killing and eating of some organisms or plants by others. Thanks to predation, a peculiar balance in nature is ensured. If there are predators meateaters in nature, then they will live nearby and their victims herbivores herbivores. Predators constantly get food for themselves by hunting for the weakest or sick herbists, kill them and eat them. Thus, a constant balance of the number of herbivores and predatory animals is ensured, the population of the former is strengthened by the destruction of carriers of a weak genome. If you destroy predators, over time they will begin to die out and their victims due to lack of nutrition and weakening of new generations.
Parasitism is a type of interspecific relations in which one of the species exists at the expense of another. Such a factor of coexistence is divided into external and internal parasitism. External parasitism can be observed on the example of mosquitoes and ticks: they are attached to the victim during the nutrition, and after saturation they live regardless of the source of food. Internal parasitism is inherent in various kinds of worms they constantly live in the body of their victim and support their life cycles at its expense. Parasites never kill their owners instantly. In connection with the arising interconnection, the carriers develop a peculiar immunity, and in parasites protective properties.
Competition is a rare factor in which a struggle constantly takes place in one form and in the opposite. The reason for the confrontation is both the habitat and food. Often, if the confrontation of species has begun, then someone will certainly lose and will either be supplanted or destroyed completely.
Symbiosis or mutalism is a mutually beneficial coexistence of some species with others, in which everyone receives their own benefits from such relationships in the form of protection or a power source. Symbiosis is remarkably monitored by the example of mushrooms and trees, beneficial bacteria that live in the gastrointestinal tract.
Sinaokia or as it is also called the tenant, lies in the fact that the first organism uses the second as a home without eating it at its expense and without bringing it any damage.
Ammenalism is an interaction in which only one type can harm, and the other is not able to cause damage to the first.
Groups of biotic factors
In turn, the biologist, Vladimir Beklemishev, divided such factors into four main groups:
by changing the environment tropical;
for food preferences trophic;
in habitats factory;
for transfer Foreign.
Biotic factors in the fauna and flora
There are factors:
phytogenic;
zoogenic.
The effects of plants are commonly called phytogenic. Such interaction is able to influence the environment and change it. It is so known that occupying large expanses and shading the earth with their crowns, the trees protect it from radiation, or, wounding sunloving species, make it possible to grow a shadeloving flora.
The influence of animals on the environment and each other is called zoogenic. Predatory species regulate the number of grass eaters and their habitat, and herbivores carry plant seeds, thus spread them over long distances.
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