The climate of the planet is not constant, it changes over time. Sometimes the weather of one season of this year may differ sharply from the weather of the previous year. In addition, for tens, and even more than hundreds and thousands of years, the climatic situation has been significantly changing. This is affected by various factors. They can be classified as follows:
Among this number of climatforming factors, scientists distinguish three main ones that affect climatic changes. This is a relief, the radiation of the sun and the circulation of the masses of the air. It is these parameters that affect the formation of the climate of one or another point of the planet.
The amount of solar radiation
The amount of solar radiation, which comes to the surface of the Earth, depends on heat, the temperature of the atmosphere and the upper layer of the lithosphere. In different parts of the planet, heat is distributed unevenly, depending on the geographical latitude. The closer to the equator, the hotter, and the poles are colder. The intake of the radiation of the Sun is influenced by climatic indicators such as the circulation of the atmosphere, precipitation, cloudiness and pressure. The flow of all life cycles of the planet depends on the radiation of the sun.
Circulation of air masses
The movement of air masses above the earth’s surface provides climatic changes. They are continental and oceanic, depending on what part of the planet formed. During the circulation of the atmosphere, clouds affect the following weather indicators:
Relief
The main forms of relief are mountains and plains, which significantly affects the climate. The temperature regime, pressure and wind speed in the mountains will differ sharply from the indicators of the flat surface. In this case, the weather condition differs in the foothills, on the ridges, slopes. The tops of the mountains are covered with glaciers and snow. A different amount of solar radiation falls on various forms of relief, and the mountains prevent the movement of air masses.
Thus, various factors affect the climate, among which solar radiation, relief and air masses have the most important place. All these factors interact with each other and form both the weather at the particular point of the globe, and affect the climatic changes in the earth as a whole.
