Fly of the Tsez (representative of the Glossinidae family) refers to insects that pose a danger to people. Fly lives in the tropics and subtropics of the African continent. Due to insect bites, it dies within fifty thousand people annually. She is called “Quiet killer”. There are 23 types of such insects, and carriers of the disease, called sleepy and transmitting parasites to a person, are 6 species of flies.
Appearance
The fluff of the Tseces has a body length 10-14 millimeters and you can divide it into three components: head, chest, abdomen. Dark brown large eyes are located on the head. The breast is the three fused segment. Wings are attached to the thoracic part and six legs depart from it. A gray-red body, 4 stripes of brown color pass along the back. The fly has a wide but short belly. Characteristic distinctive features of Tseces:
The mouth of the fly is arranged as follows: the lower lip has a pointed tongue, and the upper lip is elongated in shape. Having pierced the skin of the victim with the trunk, the tseces introduces its saliva, with which infection is introduced. A fly drinks the amount of blood corresponding to its mass. In the belly of a female there is a large uterus in which larvae are placed.
Where it lives
Tseces settled in the countries of the African continent located in the territories, south of the Sahara desert. It is common:
The range of Fly Tseces has thirtyseven countries. The insect prevents the development of fertile lands by African residents. Scientists are looking for methods for destroying the tseces.
The fly began to spread in African territory at the end of the 19th century, when a plague disease from European countries was brought to the continent. This contributed to the destruction of local residents and animals. On abandoned fields and thickets, favorable conditions were created for the spread of flies of Tseche, which destroyed the lives of millions of Africans.
Lifestyle
Her behavior depends on the sight of a fly of Tseces:
The life of the fly lasts six to seven months. They prefer a moist environment. During the dry season, insects move to reservoirs and hide from the heat under plants. At such a time they are sitting and do not want to fly. Food comes to them by itself. In hot times, animals go to reservoirs to quench thirst.
For a fly, Tseces Zebra is not of interest, because black and white stripes on her skin are not perceived by her vision as a living creature. They flash before the eyes of the fly, without attracting her attention.
Tsez is well adapted to dark colors: it attacks people with black skin and animals with a skin that has a dark color. Fly Tseces is tenacious, flies without noise and at high speed.
Food
The flood of Tseces has only the blood of warmblooded greenhouses and people in the diet. Almost every day they suck it. Flies show different activity: some species fly in the morning, other species in the daytime. In the forests, they sit on a person. Samka flies drink blood in large animals, piercing their skin and injecting saliva into their body. To get into the blood vessel, flies use small sharp teeth located at the end of the trunk. They bite the skin and elastic vascular wall with teeth. Injecting saliva into the vessel containing trace elements that interfere with coagulation, the tseces gets drunk with blood. Her thin belly in her pouting, taking the streamlined shape.
Fly Tseces feeds on blood:
The fly has a fairly large belly that can withstand inflacement when sucking in blood fluid.
Reproduction
Tseces belongs to the vibrant species of the insect, since the embryo initially receives development in the uterus of the female. For the cycle of his life, Tseza reproduces from 8 to 10 descendants. The mating of the female occurs once. After about 8-9 days, a fertilized egg appears. The larva lives in the female uterus, it grows up due to maternal nutrients.
Fly Tseces must take blood three times so that the larva develops normally. If the female is comprehended while eating, then the embryo dies.
With normal development of the larva, after a nineday period, it is converted into a doll, digging into a layer of earth. Then the development of the external film of the puparia is developing. The doll develops three weeks. She has a firm shell having an oblong shape. It contains dark petals with a breathing tail. The doll has a length of less than one centimeter.
A fly is formed from the shell in a month. After two weeks, the fly can already mate and begins to lay down the larvae. The period between the birth of the female and her reproduction by the first larva is fifty days. Throughout his life, every nine days, the female Tseche produces a larvae.
Natural enemies
Fly Tseces has no enemies in the natural environment. Small birds live in Africa, which sometimes eat these flies, but only when they come across. The main enemy of the fly is a person. When a fly is born, she has no viruses. It becomes infected, drinking blood in animals that are infected.
People develop and use a variety of methods to destroy the fly dangerous to health:
This method leads to a temporary reduction in insect reproduction, because there is no barrier from the water between the territories and the untreated males again fall into some area, then the flies multiply again. To date, this method is the most effective. Scientists believe that radiation will help to eliminate deadly insects, but this takes time: about twenty years.
Population
Fly of Tseces is common in a huge territory ten million square kilometers. These lands are fertile, but they are not processed or used for pastures. In countries where Fly lives there is no development, and they are very poor. Livestock and crop production do not develop there.
Tseche infect people with a disease called African tripanosomosis of epidemic supervision for about four million people from habitats of flies, in which there are 70 million Africans.
For several decades, people have struggle with flies of Tseche. This led to a decrease in the natural population. The destruction of limited populations of Fly Tseces is facilitated by the method of radiation of males and their distribution in infected areas.
Scientists believe that a decrease in the population of the Tseces absolutely does not harm the ecosystem. The implementation of the fight against insects devastates the regions, and they become lifeless. The fly destroys the population, makes him starve and harms the economy of Africa countries.
The transfer of the virus
When sucking in blood in people and animals, flies of Tseces are introduced into the body of unicellular parasites with tripanos. They cause a dangerous, deadly disease called tripanosomosis.
A parasite that has entered the blood system of a person completely destroys immunity, and then all nerve cells. First, inflammation of the lymph nodes begins, tumors appear on the throat, then painful tumors completely cover the body. A person begins a fever, headaches, a state of drowsiness, apathy, weakness, and appetite are lost. Tripanosomes, having entered the human body, are able to change the shells of protein, while several thousand forms are formed. Therefore, they pose a mortal danger and there is not enough one drug for treatment.
Tripanos, which are fatal for people, are in the circulatory system of antelopes that live in African territories. They do not harm antelopes. Parasitar tripanos is transferred through bites of flies Tseces from antelopes to people or pets. Tripanosomes, penetrating the blood, begins to change the shell of his protein.
During tourist trips to countries in the equatorial belt, it is necessary to take precautions. Be sure to vaccinate to exclude infection with tripanosomes.
These unicellular parasites excite such dangerous diseases:
Interesting Facts
- For thirtyfour million years now, flies of Tseces have been living on earth.
- Males of flies Tseche usually attack people, while females love the blood of animals that have large sizes.
- Females of flies Tseces can reproduce four generations in one year, and for the entire period of their life thirtyone generation of flies.
- Larvae of the flies of Tseces are able to distinguish a very strong toxic substance. One drop of this substance is fatal for humans.
- Every year, about three million different animals and three hundred thousand people die from bites.
- “Tseche” is a name that does not sound quite usually for many peoples of the globe, but it turns out that in translation from the language of the African population, this word has the meaning of “killing animal”.
- Когда цеце нападёт на добычу, то она стремится насытиться кровью. If you beat it, stun or damage the wings, then the fly will be selected with the last forces to the intended victim and even, dying to suck out blood from it.
- In the perception of the programmers, the fly Tzecs is a problem associated with a breakdown of a hard disk. The inscription that displays the code that has arisen includes two English letters SS. Such a breakdown of the hard drive can be very dangerous for the computer, almost deadly, similarly. Therefore, to eliminate this problem, you need to contact professional programmers.
- Fly of Tseces can attack warm objects that move. Sometimes they fall on a moving car that is heated from the operation of the engine and sunlight. If a person gets out of the car, then the fly will first sit on the warm body of the car, and not on him.
