The range of accumulation changes at the height of the diet in Eurasia is from 20 g/cm2 on northern land to 400 g/cm2 and more on the Kronotsky Peninsula, in the extreme West of Altai and the southern slopes of the Western Caucasus. If we take into account the increase in the power intensity in the power areas and the constant blowing of snow from the ice tubercles, we can assume that the battery values change in the range from 0 to 500 g/cm2. This range covers almost all the conditions of accumulation on the ground. Judging by the calculations for the atlas of snow-ice resources, the maximum battery on the ground on the glaciers of the Pacific coast of the South Chile reaches 600 g/cm2.
The values of ablation depend on the summer climatic conditions at the heights at which the glaciers begin and to which the glaciers begin. If the conditions in the upper sections of the glaciers are entirely determined by the latitudinal position and height of the mountains, then the limits to which the glaciers reach also depend on their size, relief forms (the steepness of the valleys) and to a very large extent on the volume of accumulation: the more it penetrates, the further they penetrate glaciers and the more intense processes of ablation of their languages.
Testing levels
For the territory of the USSR, we compared the values of the average summer air temperatures and the melting calculated on them for comparable glacial levels (rice. four). Five has been chosen as comparable levels:
- the highest mark of glaciers in the Ice system;
- The average suspended height of the accumulation area in the Ice system;
- The average suspended height of the food border in the Ice system;
- The average suspended height of ablation in the Ice system;
- The lowest position of the end of the glacier in the glacial system. Summer temperatures are calculated taking into account their vertical gradient and the emascitation of the influence of glaciers that increase with their size.
Air temperature change
The air temperature over the highest points changes at 25 ° C: from 4 ° in the West Altai and the Kronotsky Peninsula and even 6 ° in the ‘snowfield “of the Kuznetsk Alatau glaciers to19 ° in the central Tien Shan (Victory Peak, Khan-Tengry ), colder than Pamir, in connection with the more northern position. In highlands of Central Asia, colder than in the Arctic, and in the wet, wrecked areas of Altai and Kamchatka, glaciers occur in warmer conditions than in the mountains of the south of the Pamir and the Caucasus.
The summer air temperature in the middle of the accumulation region changes by 11 ° C: from5.5 ° on the northern slope of the Zaalayan ridge to 5.5 ° in the most moistened areas of the West Altai and the Kronotsky Peninsula. Already here, the level of moisture is determining. Where there is more precipitation, glaciers occur at higher temperatures. In addition, the temperature is higher in the Middle Ages, where the batteries do not rise high from the border of the power.
