In the natural environment during the existence of civilizations, anthropogenic systems have always arisen that interact with nature:
All these objects were formed both on small plots of land and on vast territories, occupying a large space of landscapes, which means that these systems bring tremendous changes to the environment. If in ancient times and antiquity this influence on nature was insignificant, people coexisted quite peacefully with ecosystems, then in the Middle Ages, during the Renaissance and at the present time, this interference is becoming more and more noticeable and negative.
Specificity of urbanization
Natural-anthropogenic systems are distinguished by duality, since they reflect natural and anthropogenic features. At this point in time, all systems are involved in the process of urbanization. This phenomenon began at the end of the nineteenth century. Its consequences are as follows:
The worst state of ecology in natural-anthropogenic systems such as megacities. These are the cities of London and New York, Tokyo and Mexico City, Beijing and Bombay, Buenos Aires and Paris, Cairo and Moscow, Delhi and Shanghai. Of course, this list could go on. Each of these cities has a lot of environmental problems. These are air pollution, and noise pollution, and poor water conditions, and the greenhouse effect, and acid rain. All this negatively affects not only the state of human health, but also leads to environmental changes, a decrease in the area of natural zones, the destruction of flora habitats and a reduction in fauna populations.
In addition, natural and anthropogenic systems have an impact on the ecology of nearby territories. For example, in those regions where the main type of fuel is wood, entire hectares of forests have been destroyed. With the help of trees, people not only build houses, but also heat their homes, cook food. The same thing happens in areas with unstable electricity and gas supplies.
Thus, anthropogenic and natural-anthropogenic systems, such as human settlements, have a huge impact on the state of the environment. Thanks to them, the state of ecosystems changes, all the shells of the planet are polluted and the natural benefits of the Earth are excessively spent.
