According to the generally accepted classification, plants are divided into coniferous and deciduous. The latter include those that at a certain time drop the green cover. As a rule, such trees grow during the spring-summer growing season, change color throughout autumn, and then drop their foliage. This is how their adaptation to winter cold passes.
Many different types of trees, shrubs and herbs grow in deciduous forests. Most of them are representatives of broadleaved plants, such as oak, maple, beech, walnut, grab and chestnut. Also, smallleaved trees are often found here birch, poplar, linden, alder and aspen.
There are several different types of cultures such as the mountain laurel, azalea and mosses that live in a shady forest where a small amount of sunlight reaches.
Deciduous forests of Eurasia
On the territory of Eurasia, deciduous forests occupy a narrow strip between the southern steppes and the northern zone of mixed forests. This wedge stretches from the Baltic republics to the Urals and beyond, to Novosibirsk and the Mongol border. This zone has a warm and wet climate.
In the northern regions, ordinary oak, linden, ash, maple, ilma are mainly common. In the western and southern parts, the variety of breeds increases due to the hornbeam, birch bark, nuts, javor, cherries, poplars.
Most of the secondary forests in this zone are pure birch plantations, very popular among Russian landscape painters. Do not count the variety of shrubs and herbs with which the zone of deciduous forests of Eurasia is rich in.
Soil
Brown soil predominates in the bulk of deciduous forests. This is a very fertile land. In autumn, foliage falls from trees, decomposes and helps to give the ground its nutrients. Earthworms help mix nutrients, enriching it with humus.
The roots of the trees go deep into the ground, obtaining nutrients during the growing season. However, with the onset of autumn, the foliage crumbles and enriches the soil with useful trace elements.
The zone of deciduous forests
Deciduous forests are located between subtropics and a zone of mixed and coniferous forests. This is somewhere between 500-600 and 430-460 latitudes. Shirrot reflection is mirror for the northern and southern hemisphere. Despite the fact that the largest deciduous forests in the world are usually concentrated in the northern. You will meet them in Europe, North America, some parts of Eurasia, China and Japan.
There are also deciduous forests in the southern hemisphere, although they usually are much smaller and they will be forgotten in the expanses of New Zealand, Southeast Australia and South Asia. In South America there are two large areas of deciduous forests in the south Chile and in Paraguay. It should be noted that vegetation and animal world in them usually differ from life in the north.
Larce forests, as a rule, flourish in hilly areas with certain types of soil.
Climate
As mentioned above, unlike coniferous, deciduous forests are determined by the fact that their trees lose foliage once a year with a change in the season, it goes without saying that the climate of most of them is not extreme, but changes depending on the time of the year. These areas will have four clearly defined periods, with pronounced biological processes the foliage changes color in the fall, falls off in winter and grows in the spring. Larce forests are also sometimes called moderate and broadleaved, which suggests that they are often found in the zones of a temperate climate. It is he who provides pronounced seasonality, snow cover in winter and a relatively stable number of annual precipitation.
The average temperature in the warm pores is +15 C, and the lower, as a rule, drops below 0 from. The amount of precipitation reaches 500-800 mm. These indicators can vary depending on the geographical location, since, as mentioned above, deciduous forests can be found all over the world.
For the normal life of deciduous forests, the warm period should be at least 120 days, but in some areas it reaches 250 days a year without frost.
The weather in the deciduous forest depends on the weather in the region. Cold winters, as a rule, contribute to an increase in the variety of types of vegetation.
