The mushroom is an umbrella edible and poisonous types of umbrellas, photos and description of how it looks and where it grows

Mushrooms-zontics belong to the Champignon family. In their varieties there are a number of both edible mushrooms and toxic representatives, the use of which can very negatively affect the state of a person. The family of these mushrooms is called macrolepiots in a different way. This Latin name consists of two words: Macro and Lepiota. Macro translates as large, and Lepiota involves the name of the genus.

general description

Zontiki mushrooms are represented by a hat and a leg. The size of the hat can reach about 35 centimeters in diameter. The length of the leg does not exceed 40 centimeters. The hat of young mushrooms has a bellshaped shape, which is aligned with age and becomes completely flat.

The skin covering the hat is bright. In the center of the hat is, characteristic of all varieties, a dark elevation in the form of a tubercle. In ripened mushrooms, small scales appear on the surface of the hat, which are due to their growth.

The leg of mushrooms-zontics is even and straight. However, part of the species are endowed with a curved leg shape. Many species have a tuberous structure at the base. The mushroom pulp itself is quite fibbed and compacted. In many species, the color on the cut changes, but there are also those who do not change it. Most often, the internal plates are painted with light beige color. Old mushrooms-zontics have a dark color of the plates.

Edible mushrooms-zontics

Mushrooms-zontics are divided into edible and inedible.

Consider the main varieties of edible representatives of mushrooms-zontics:

The mushroom is elegant

This edible representative prefers to grow on the territory of the forests, in particular, in open areas. Often you can find this variety of umbrellas in the fields and meadows. Can be found in large groups, less often one by one. Fruiting begins in August, and ends in October. The largest number of these representatives is in European countries. However, in Belarus, on the Balkan and Scandinavian peninsula, elegant umbrellas are not found.

The difference between the mushroom-zontik of the elegant lies in its structure of the legs, which have a curved shape. The length of the legs can vary from 10 to 15 centimeters. The average thickness is 1.5 centimeters. The color of the legs is light, but with age acquires dark shades. Young mushrooms have a bellshaped hat, which becomes flat as it grows. Also, this species is characterized by the presence of yellow scales on the surface of the hat, and in the center there is a brown tubercle. The maximum diameter of the hat reaches 15 centimeters. The pulp is distinguished by aroma and pleasant taste.

White mushroom-zone (Field mushroom-zontik)

The mushroom-zontik white in the steppes spread. It is also often found in various meadows, for which I received another name-a mushroom-zontic field of field. It grows mainly in Europe, some countries of Asia, as well as in Siberia and the Far East. Actively used in Chinese cuisine.

You can meet a white mushroom-zone in large quantities, or in a single copy. The fruiting period begins in the summer and lasts until October. A characteristic feature lies in a thick and fleshy hat with a diameter of about 12 centimeters. As the mushroom grows, the hat straightens and becomes flat. A dark tubercle is located in the center. The skin covering the hat is painted with beige color with characteristic thin scales. White fibers resembling large flakes are located on the sides. The pulp does not change the color in the places of the cut.

The length of the legs reaches about 12 centimeters with a diameter of up to 1.2 centimeters. At the base is a large seal. The inside of the leg is hollow with a smooth surface. Most of the legs are painted in white, and the base is distinguished by a yellowish tint. For old mushrooms, the brown color of the legs is characteristic.

The mushroom-zontik is mobile

This mushroom spread in open herbaceous areas, next to oak and pine forests. Fruiting begins in August, and ends in October. Grows in all countries of Europe, with the exclusion of France and Scandinavia. It is also found in the USA, Mexico, Asia and Brazil.

The appearance is represented by a large hat in the form of a bell, which acquires an umbrellashaped shape with age. The edges of the hat are slightly bent, and a small hill is located in the center. The skin of the hat is darkened in the center, and with age is covered with characteristic scales. In size, a hat can reach 12 centimeters.

The leg is long and straight, with a slight expansion at the base. The inside is hollow. The color of the legs are brown-white with characteristic scales of a yellowish or brown shade. The length of the legs can fluctuate in the range from 7 to 16 centimeters with a diameter of up to 0.6 centimeters. Inside are thick and soft plates of white or beige. The ring is located under the hat. The pulp of the mushroom is very dense, is distinguished by aroma and nutty flavor.

Conrad mushroom-zone

An edible type of mushrooms that grows on grassy soils of forestpark areas. Fruiting begins in the summer and lasts the end of October. Grows in the countries of Asia and Europe, mainly in mixed and deciduous forests.

The appearance is represented by a large and fleshy hat, which has an ovoid or bellshaped shape. With age, the hat becomes straight with a characteristic brown tubercle in the center. The color of the skin on the hat can be grayish or white. The skin is silky. With a cut, the color of the pulp changes.

The mushroom leg reaches length in the range from 7 to 15 centimeters with a diameter of about 1.5 centimeters. Skin of a brown leg with a compaction from below. “Skubochka” is quite large and mobile with a light color at the top and dark from below. The pulp itself has a pleasant aroma and sweet taste. The plates are frequent and wide, painted in white or beige.

The mushroom-zontic is blushing

This type of mushroom zontics belongs to the genus of chlorophyllum. Grows mainly in the rich areas. Found in various meadows and steppes. They can grow in gardens and parks, usually from June to the end of November. Widespread on all continents with moderate climate.

This mushroom blushing was named because of its ability to change the color during a cut on a red-brown. Also, the plates when touched acquire an orange-red tint. The hat itself can have a diameter of 10 to 20 centimeters. Young mushrooms have a spherical shape, and then become completely flat with a small elevation in the center. The hat is covered with a grayish or cream skin with small scales.

The length of the mushroom legs varies from 5 to 25 centimeters and up to 2 centimeters thick. A small thickening is placed at the base of the mushroom. The ring is captured and mobile with a white shade from above and dark from below. The mushroom itself has a pleasant aroma and a mild taste.

The mushroom-zontik is motley

This is a typical representative of saprotrophes. Edible mushroom growing in open areas. As a rule, it can be found on forest edges, cuts, gardens and pastures. The fruiting period begins in the summer and ends in November. These mushrooms grow mainly one by one. Widely spread in Europe and North America.

The appearance of a variegated mushroom zontic has small differences from other representatives. This is a rather massive mushroom with a length of the leg that reaches 40 centimeters in height and thickness in the range from 2 to 4 centimeters. The skin of the legs has a brown shade that darkens with age and is covered with small black scales resembling snake skin. There is a ring from a film under the hat.

The hat of this mushroom is characterized by a spherical shape at a small age, which is then converted into a coneshaped shape. In size, the hat can reach from 20 to 35 centimeters in diameter. There is a dark tubercle in its center. Brown scales are also located on the hat. The plates are white and wide. It does not have a pronounced aroma, but it has a pleasant taste.

Types of inedible and poisonous mushrooms-zontics

Lepiot’s crested

This is one of the common poisonous mushrooms-zontics. It is found on all continents of the northern zone with a temperate climate.

The appearance has a small hat with a diameter of up to 5 centimeters. Young mushrooms have a rounded shape of a hat, and in mature it becomes a convex-dramatic. The color of the skin of the hat is brown with a red tint. The surface of the hat is covered with pointed yellowish scales. The leg is covered with a yellowish or light-beige skin. The ring has a pink shade and a narrow shape. The pulp of this mushroom is white and fibrous. The taste is sharp and sour. It has an unpleasant odor.

Lepiota chestnut

Extremely dangerous poisonous mushroom that grows in territories with a temperate climate. Most often found in Europe, in particular, in Western and Eastern Siberia.

The appearance is represented by an eggshaped hat, which is straightened with the age of the mushroom. The diameter of the hat varies from 2 to 4 centimeters. The skin on the hat is smooth with a reddish tint, having small brown scales. The leg of the fungus is presented in the form of a cylinder with an extended base. The pulp is red-brown in color. The ring on the leg is painted white. The plates are frequent and thin white.

Lepiota is rough

This inedible mushroom is its large size. Prefers to grow in Europe, North America and the small northern range of Africa. The fruiting period begins in August, and ends in October.

Hat lepiots roughly has a diameter of 7 to 15 centimeters. The color is mainly yellow-brown or orange. In young mushrooms, the hat has a villi-fiber structure and egg-shaped shape. Old mushrooms have a completely straight hat with rusty scales. The leg reaches a length of 12 centimeters and diameter up to 1.5 centimeters. The shape of the legs is cylindrical, at the base there is a swollen seal in the form of a tuber. The color of the skin of the legs is light yellow with thin stripes. Ring coating is represented by a white film with small brown scales. The ring itself is very wide, painted white. The pulp pulp is distinguished by a sharp unpleasant odor and bitter taste.

Poisonous doubles

Edible mushrooms-zontics have similar doubles that can be deadly when eating. These include:

Chlorophyllum lead

A poisonous double, having quite a few common features with edible umbrellas. The color of the mushroom hat is mostly light with pinkish flakes on the surface. In size, the hat does not exceed 30 centimeters in diameter. Like umbrellas, with age, the hat of chlorophyllum becomes flat. The leg can be 25 centimeters in height with a diameter of 1 to 3 centimeters. It is noteworthy that if the legs are damaged, it becomes brown in places of damage. The mushroom pulp at the cut acquires a red tint.

The territory of the growth of chlorophyllum of lead concentrated in the USA, Africa, Australia and some countries of Eurasia.

Anterome fly agaric

A rather dangerous poisonous mushroom, the use of which often leads to death. It can be distinguished by a characteristic semicircular hat, which is aligned with age. The skin is painted with brown-brown color with small white scales. The size of the hat can be from 4 to 12 centimeters in diameter. The length of the leg reaches 12 centimeters in height and 1.5 centimeters in width. The color of the pulp is predominantly white, which does not change during the cut or damage of the fungus. The mushroom itself has a pronounced caustic smell and a slightly sweet taste. Its territory has spread to all countries of the Northern Hemisphere.

Useful properties of edible zontiki mushrooms

Young mushrooms-zontics are endowed with a mass of substances useful for humans. They can be pickled, dried and boiled. They are often part of various sauces and broths. Mushrooms contain trace elements such as vitamins B, C, E, K, Tyrosin, Arginine, Melanin and Beta-Glyukan. The low calorie content of these mushrooms makes them suitable for people who adhere to diets suffering from diabetes.

Delicious mushroom-zontic