Wood mushrooms have extremely specific taste qualities. They are separate in eastern countries and are actively used in cooking. A number of wood mushrooms are famous for their healing properties and are actively used in medicine.
Key Features
All wood mushrooms are parasites. This is due to the fact that the disputes distinguished by them form the mycelium, which destroys the trees and sawdust, where they grow.
Varieties of wood mushrooms have two characteristic differences:
The wood mushrooms are united by the fact that they distinguish a specific enzyme that breaks down the trees, due to which the rapid growth of the mycelium is ensured. Due to the unpretentiousness of mushrooms to external conditions, they are actively grown at home and on an industrial scale.
Some wood mushrooms are considered to be orderlies of forest, despite their status of parasites. This is due to the fact that many tree representatives live on old and weak trees. Such mushrooms include mushrooms.
The most dangerous parasite is northern climate. This type of wood mushroom belongs to the subspecies. Its danger is that it parasitizes on the trunks of healthy trees and completely destroys them in just 4 years.
Description of species
Quite many mushroom pickers avoid representatives growing on the bark of trees. This fear is justified, since there are many inedible representatives among wood mushrooms. However, there are a number of edible wood mushrooms, the use of which can improve health and simply give pleasure to taste and aroma.
The main types of edible wood mushrooms
The griffin is curly
The second name of this mushroom sounds like a mushroom-baran. Most mushroom pickers do not even know about the existence of this interesting representative, since it can be extremely rare to meet him. As a rule, a mushroom-baran grows in deciduous forests, and on trees it prefers maple, beech, chestnut and oak. Mushroom growth period falls out for the autumn season. The weight of the fruit body of this fungus varies in the range from 5 to 10 kilograms.
The appearance of the chicken griffin is presented in the form of a multilayer structure. The fruit body of the mushroom itself is represented in the form of a large number of legs, which gradually pass into hats with wavelike edges. The color of this fungus is predominantly gray-green with a brown tint. The pulp has a pleasant smell and has a light beige color. Old mushrooms are stiff and darker in color.
The main value of this fungus lies in its bactericidal properties. In ancient times, a powder was made from the griffules, which helped fight a disease such as tuberculosis. In the modern world, he has become a separate distribution in folk medicine. Decoctions, tinctures and ointments are made from it. The griffin is distinguished by a curly and the presence in its composition of a large number of vitamins and amino acids, which makes this mushroom worthy of attention.
Sulfur tower
Most often this representative is popularly called chicken mushroom. This name is due to the fact that with prolonged cooking, it distinguishes a characteristic chicken smell, and also has similar taste qualities. Thanks to this feature, the chicken mushroom has received special glory from adherents of a vegetarian diet. A sulfur-yellow tinder is found everywhere on the trunks of many cultures. The fruiting period lasts all year.
The appearance of a sulfur-yellow tinder pushes pushes many mushroom pickers. The fruit body has the form of a multilayer growth of yellow-orange color. Young mushrooms are endowed with the most saturated color, unlike old species. Due to such a specific color, many chicken mushroom confuse with toxic.
The sulfur-yellow tinder-bearing was given special attention due to the presence of antibiotics in its composition, which are actively used for diseases caused by staphylococcus. Also, mushrooms also have tarry substances that fight respiratory diseases and ensure the functioning of the liver.
Rozhkovy ozhenka
One of the most popular varieties of wood mushrooms. It is actively cultivated on various farms. Can grow both on wood bark and on stumps. It is most often found on oaks, maples and fish. The growth period falls on the end of spring, and ends at the beginning of autumn. Widely widespread in the forests of Eurasia and Ukraine.
The shape of the mushroom is represented by a funnel. Sometimes there are flat varieties. The skin is painted in light beige tones. Can darken with the growth of the mushroom. The pulp during the cut is white or light brown. They grow in small groups. The average weight is 400 grams.
Differ in a number of useful properties. The use of an obscene oyster mushroom contributes to the normalization of blood pressure and a decrease in blood cholesterol. It affects the health of hair, nails and skin. The therapeutic qualities of the fungus allow you to prevent diseases of the gastrointestinal tract and determine the normal functioning of the brain cells. It is noteworthy that this mushroom has no contraindications for people with allergies.
Scales tower
Received a number of names such as the applicant and Vyazovik. Actively grows on the surface of damaged trees. Prefers nut trees, maples, oaks and linden. Often affects fruit trees. The largest amount of scales is in countries with a warm and humid climate. However, they are found even in city parks. The season begins in the spring and lasts until autumn.
A characteristic feature of this fungus is a rather large fruit body. The hat can reach sizes from 15 to 40 centimeters in diameter. In young mushrooms, the hat has the shape of a kidney that is straightened with the age of the mushroom. The color of the hat is yellow with characteristic brown scales. On the bottom of the cap is a tubular layer. The pulp is very dense and juicy with a pleasant smell.
Cleader of scaly is widespread in pharmaceuticals. The mushrooms contain substances that are used as an antidote. Also, a number of elements of this fungus are effectively coping with the fungus.
Open
Unique edible mushroom, which is familiar to literally everyone. It is highly previous in the territory of Eurasia forests, and is also extremely nonexecutive, so it can be easily grown at home.
Open is a rather small mushroom with a height of about 15 centimeters. The hat of the young mushroom has a spherical shape, which with age begins to become umbrella with a characteristic tubercle in the center. The color of the hat can be either beige or have various red shades. The most common yellowish-red types of mushrooms. The mushroom leg can reach up to 15 centimeters in length, and the color can vary depending on the age and territory of the growth. Young mushrooms are endowed with a light orange leg, and the old ones are dark brown.
Shiitaka
One of the most sensational mushrooms, which is famous for its healing properties in the East. This representative is called imperial mushroom differently. It differs with its round hat with light plates and a long fibrous leg. On the surface of the hat are characteristic scales. The color of the mushrooms is dark brown.
Shiitaka is actively used as biological additives and are part of many dietary supplements. There are large concentrations of the nutrients of Shiitake in the form of tablets and capsules. Widespread in cosmetology and dietetics.
Types of inedible and dangerous wood mushrooms
Ganoderma South
This mushroom can be distinguished by the absence of a leg and a flat hat. It grows directly from wood. The pulp is painted in dark color and has a soft texture. The size of the hat can reach 40 centimeters in diameter with a thickness of up to 13 centimeters. The hats are covered with brown or grayish skin skin. In old mushrooms, the color is predominantly black. Grows on poplars, oaks and linden.
TRAMEMEN FLURE
More often found on the bark of coniferous trees and on birches. This is an inedible mushroom covered with a dark gray skin. It can be easily identified according to the fibrous texture of the hat and dense disputes. The size of the hat can reach up to 10 centimeters.
Pyptoporus oak
This is a happy rare mushroom for Eurasia. He prefers oak trunks and dead wood. It has a large fruit body with a hat diameter up to 15 centimeters. The hat is covered with a velvety skin of a white-yellow or orange color.
The use of these mushrooms in food can cause extremely serious poisoning. Despite the fact that part of the mushrooms does not have a strong toxic effect on the body, you cannot eat them.
Criteria for distinguishing edible from inedible wood mushrooms
On the trees there are most often poisonous mushrooms. Differences are in a number of criteria:
These universal criteria will help you choose an edible mushroom. However, if there are even the slightest doubts about the belonging of a wood mushroom, you need to throw it away.
The effects of mushrooms on trees
For trees, all mushrooms are parasitic, as they have an extremely poor effect on the condition of the tree. Because of them, trees die very quickly. Some varieties of wood mushrooms spread to garden plants. In this case, it is necessary to quickly get rid of the plant, since disputes can get to other crops. As a result, the entire garden plot may turn out to be affected. Due to the fact that disputes develop with the beginning of autumn, you need to get rid of the affected trees until this time. The process of interaction of the affected tree and healthy plants must be reduced. For this, the affected branches are burned. In the case of targeted dilution of edible wood mushrooms, it is recommended to use PNI.
